The arrival of African immigrants to the nation's capital has seen the rise of new Christian congregations with ancient African traditions. In churches like the Spiritual Warfare ministry, members gather in the cold sanctuary of a neighborhood church to battle evil.

The students, taxicab drivers, homemakers and entrepreneurs, all Christians, mostly from French-speaking Africa, attend a midnight service four nights a week to seek deliverance from, anger, fear and sadness.

"Religion for them is not like in the West," said Jacob K. Olupona, professor of African religious traditions at the Harvard Divinity School. "It's not simply seen as meaning and reference to a transcendental order. Religion is seen as something that works. It has a utilitarian view, and people are looking for solutions in different angles and different ways."

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